La sostenibilidad implica una nueva forma de comprender el mundo y organizar las relaciones. Nutrida en valores que se dirigen al equilibrio y desarrollo humano, instala la necesidad de actualizar los modelos educativos en Educación Superior y constituirse en aporte al desarrollo sostenible. En ese contexto, la universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, considera necesario compilar aquellas fortalezas del socioconstructivismo y el modelo dialógico, como formas de relación en y para el aprendizaje en comunidad. Fortaleciendo el análisis de la formación integral desde un (...) enfoque cualitativo. Dando cuenta de cómo mejoran los procesos al participar en espacios como las Comunidades de Aprendizaje en Red. (shrink)

El manual escolar sigue siendo un recurso didáctico clave en la enseñanza de la historia. En Educación Primaria y Secundaria pervive su uso, a pesar de las numerosas reformas educativas llevadas a cabo desde hace siglo y medio. Este trabajo pretende analizar su vigencia, estructura y cambios a lo largo del tiempo. Los cada vez más numerosos estudios se han escrito desde una perspectiva española o portuguesa, así que interesa conocer la evolución paralela y establecer comparaciones. Se analizan las escuelas (...) historiográficas y pedagógicas que han influido en la evolución de los currículos educativos. Además, se reflexiona sobre los contenidos históricos de los manuales, especialmente las narrativas nacionales. (shrink)

Belief merging aims at combining several pieces of information coming from different sources. In this paper we review the works on belief merging of propositional bases. We discuss the relationship between merging, revision, update and confluence, and some links between belief merging and social choice theory. Finally we mention the main generalizations of these works in other logical frameworks.

The paper analyses Benardete's paradox of the gods from a more general perspective (the convergence approach) than several of the most important proposals made to date, but in close relation (and sharp contrast) with them. The new theory, based on the notion of limit, is systematically applicable in different possible scenarios involving a denumerable infinity of objects. In particular, it reveals in what way ω-consistency can be compromised in an otherwise consistent description of such "infinitary" situations.

Este texto se ocupa de dos cuestiones: en primer lugar, se estudia el surgimiento, desarrollo y progresiva aceptación, no exenta de discusión, de la noción de antigitanismo en el lenguaje jurídico y político antidiscriminatorio utilizado por las instituciones europeas, así como, progresivamente, por las instituciones gubernamentales españolas. En segundo lugar, se reflexiona sobre la complejidad de la noción de antigitanismo en un intento por complementar los actuales fundamentos analíticos y explicativos que transmite.

Despite the extensive research in both the determinants and the results of corporate social responsibility (CSR), relatively few studies have considered extra-legal institutions as potential determinants of CSR. Our work fills this gap by looking at how media attention affects CSR over a long-term period in a continental European setting. Our results show that media coverage positively affects CSR. Additional scrutiny triggered by media coverage encourages dominant owners to signal their commitment to limiting self-dealing transactions and their orientation toward stakeholders' (...) needs through CSR investments. Additionally, our results reveal that this signaling device offers greater benefits and lower costs in firms where controlling owners show a voting-cash flow wedge. Our results are relevant to different actors such as investors, auditors, and policy makers as they provide solid evidence that media coverage is an important driver of CSR orientation in a continental European setting. (shrink)

It is widely acknowledged that metaethical expressivism requires taking on some substantive commitments in the theory of meaning. Those commitments, however, do not require abandoning orthodox views in compositional semantics. Instead, they should be understood as bearing on one aspect of the metasemantic project, viz. that of interpreting a compositional semantic theory---what I call 'semantic hermeneutics'. I spell out the nature of this project and distinguish it from that of explaining why words have the meanings that they do. I conclude (...) by outlining a hermeneutics for orthodox compositional semantics that does justice to the expressivist's distinctive views in the philosophy of mind. (shrink)

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive neurostimulatory and neuromodulatory technique increasingly used in clinical and research practices around the world. Historically, the ethical considerations guiding the therapeutic practice of TMS were largely concerned with aspects of subject safety in clinical trials. While safety remains of paramount importance, the recent US Food and Drug Administration approval of the Neuronetics NeuroStar TMS device for the treatment of specific medication-resistant depression has raised a number of additional ethical concerns, including marketing, off-label use (...) and technician certification. This article provides an overview of the history of TMS and highlights the ethical questions that are likely arise as the therapeutic use of TMS continues to expand. (shrink)

In this short note I argue that, using the type of configurations put forward in a recent paper by Laraudogoitia in this same journal, new paradoxes of infinity of a completely different nature can be formulated.

This paper shows that, in Newtonian mechanics, unstable three-dimensional rigid bodies must exist. Laraudogoitia recently provided examples of one- and two-dimensional homogeneous unstable rigid bodies, conjecturing the instability would persist for three-dimensional bodies in four-dimensional space. My result proves that, if one admits non homogeneous balls or hollow spheres, then the conjecture is true without having to resort to tetra-dimensionality. Furthermore, I show that instability also holds for at least certain simple classes of elastic bodies. Altogether, the laws of classical (...) dynamics actually lead to the existence of unstable material bodies belonging to the three types of entities accepted therein: point particles, rigid bodies and continuous deformable bodies. A whole range of forms of indeterminism which, until now, has not been considered in the literature. I end with a new conjecture on the connection existing between all these forms of instability and the dimensionality of space. (shrink)

In this paper I will put forward a simple case of a dynamical system which can exhibit both the indeterminism linked to escape to infinity and that linked to self-excitation. The case depends neither on the gravitational interaction between particles nor on their mutual collisions, and thus reveals the existence of a new kind of constraint that Newton's laws lay on the predictive power of classical dynamics.

It seems natural to think of an unwilling addict as having a pattern of preferences that she does not endorse—preferences that, in some sense, she does not ‘identify’ with. Following Frankfurt (1971), Jeffrey (1974) proposed a way of modeling those features of an agent’s preferences by appealing to preferences among preferences.Th„e addict’s preferences are preferences she does not prefer to have. I argue that this modeling suggestion will not do, for it follows from plausible assumptions that a minimally rational agent (...) must prefer those first-order preferences she actually has. I close by considering two different but related ways to think about the initial phenomenon. (shrink)

In this short note I argue that, using the type of configurations put forward in a recent paper by Laraudogoitia in this same journal, new paradoxes of infinity of a completely different nature can be formulated.

As opposed to Descartes, and in accordance with authors such as Nietzsche, Darwin or Chomsky, Pinker sustains that language is just another instinct of human nature. But he differs himself from Chomsky by affirming that language is also the result of the mechanism of natural selection. Recent discoveries seem to strengthen Pinker’s thesis, in as far as it has been possible to establish a link between the FOXP2 gene and language. Philosophy should take good note of these results, as they (...) fully affect the status of lógos: from now on, it is possible, without needing to resort to any type of transcendence, to consider language as constitutive of human singularity regarding other species and, at the same times, as just another avatar in the evolution of the natural world. (shrink)

Photography is clearly not a mirror of daily life: that images are constructions is especially obvious in 19th-century studio portrait photography. This book explores how indigenous Iranian photographers constructed their own realities in contrast to howforeign photographers constructed Iranians' realities. Through an in-depth comparative visual analysis of 19th-century Iranian portrait photography and Persian painting, the author arrives at the insight that aesthetic preferences correlate with socio-cultural habits and practices in writing, reading and looking. Subsequently, she advocates for a place in (...) a global history of photography for those unknown, local photo histories and for the indigenous photographers who produced them. (shrink)

Continuing the conversation between Achilles and the tortoise begun by Carroll, this paper proves that, in a supertask context, there are free actions (in general, contingent states of affairs) that can be predicted by means of purely logical reasons.

This paper shows that the general homogeneous solution to equations of evolution for some infinite systems of particles subject to mutual binary collisions does not depend on a single arbitrary constant but on a potentially infinite number of such constants. This is because, as I demonstrate, a single self-excitation of a system of particles can depend on a potentially infinite number of parameters. The recent homogeneous solution obtained by Atkinson and Johnson, which depends on a single arbitrary constant, is only (...) a particular case. (shrink)

In a recent discussion, Earman and Norton [(1998)] propose a classification of supertasks that generate indeterminism which is flawed. An emendation is presented here.

This paper introduces a new infinite paradox. The main novelty is that it poses problems of causality in a very different form from to the one in use until now. By means of a probabilistic generalization, the paradox shows that the disposition to act according to a specific plan is not always necessary to derive causal effects in Benardete-type contexts involving infinity. It also suggests that, in such cases, the explanation for those causal effects requires a propensity interpretation of probability.

While the underrepresentation of women in the fast-growing STEM field of computer science (CS) has been much studied, no consensus exists on the key factors influencing this widening gender gap. Possible suspects include gender differences in aptitude, interest, and academic environment. Our study contributes to this literature by applying student engagement research to study the experiences of college students studying CS, to assess the degree to which differences in men and women’s engagement may help account for gender inequity in the (...) field. Specifically, we use the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) to evaluate in real-time the engagement of college students during varied activities and environments. Over the course of a full week in fall semester and a full week in spring semester, 165 students majoring in CS at two Research I universities were “beeped” several times a day via a smartphone app prompting them to fill out a short questionnaire including open-ended and scaled items. These responses were paired with administrative and over two years of transcript data provided by their institutions. We used mean comparisons and logistic regression analysis to compare enrollment and persistence patterns among CS men and women. Results suggest that despite the obstacles associated with women’s underrepresentation in computer science, women are more likely to continue taking computer science courses when they felt challenged and skilled in their initial computer science classes. We discuss implications for further research. (shrink)

Este artículo propone una exploración de los textos compilados en Marginales de la Vida (1963), título publicado por el salvadoreño Arturo Ambrogi en 1912, a partir de los vínculos que se establecen en ellos entre la influencia de la estética modernista y el oficio periodístico practicado por el autor. Los objetivos centrales son aproximarse a la producción literaria de Arturo Ambrogi mediante un análisis de las tensiones generadas al momento de ubicar parte de su escritura dentro de la literatura salvadoreña, (...) centroamericana y latinoamericana de principios del siglo XX, a la vez que se postula la posible existencia de un híbrido literario que rehuyó en gran medida de los puntos de vista seguidos por otros autores contemporáneos de la región durante la época en estudio. (shrink)